Context
The structural analysis of PeroxiBiokey® confirms the presence of molecules such as Trioleins1 and Azelaic Acid2, which are not present in other ozonated oils.
Analysis
Azelaic acid
Present in many whole grains, it can be beneficial in restoring glucose levels as well as having numerous cosmetic benefits.
In topical applications, azelaic acid causes minimal skin irritation compared with other compounds.
Azelaic acid has numerous pharmacological uses in dermatology. Its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties are thought to correlate with its efficacy in papulopustular rosacea and acne vulgaris, among other skin conditions. A review of the literature on the use of azelaic acid in dermatology found the strongest evidence supporting the use of azelaic acid in rosacea, followed by its off-label use in melasma followed by acne vulgaris. The use of azelaic acid in other conditions such as hidradenitis suppurativa, keratosis pilaris and male androgenic alopecia is being evaluated and preliminary success has been obtained. Azelaic acid, as monotherapy or in combination, could be an effective first-line or alternative treatment that is well tolerated and safe for a variety of dermatological conditions2.1.
Azelaic acid is a naturally occurring saturated dicarboxylic acid that, in topical application, has been shown to be effective in the treatment of comedonal acne and inflammatory acne (papulopustular, nodular and nodulocystic), as well as several cutaneous hyperpigmentary disorders characterised by overactive/abnormal melanocyte function, including melasma and possibly lentigo maligna. In addition, azelaic acid has an antiproliferative and cytotoxic effect on the human malignant melanocyte, and preliminary findings indicate that it can halt the progression of cutaneous malignant melanoma. The mechanism of this selective cytotoxic action of azelaic acid is unclear, but is possibly related to its inhibition of mitochondrial oxidoreductase activity and DNA synthesis. In controlled studies, topical azelaic acid demonstrated anti-acne efficacy comparable to topical tretinoin, benzoyl peroxide, erythromycin and oral tetracycline, while in patients with melasma azelaic acid was shown to be at least as effective as topical hydroquinone. In topical application, azelaic acid is well tolerated, with adverse effects apparently limited to generally mild and transient local skin irritation2.2.
Trioleins
The major component of human body fat and a major component of human skin oil.
These fatty acids are ideal for regenerating, moisturising, nourishing and soothing the skin as they are the same oils that our skin naturally generates.
Cosmetic applications
Trioleins are widely used as an ingredient in cosmetics. They have oleic acid in their structure, which is very beneficial for the skin. It is a skin conditioning agent because it moisturises the skin and forms a film on the skin. The Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel found that dermal application of trioleins was not associated with significant irritation and no evidence of sensitisation or photosensitisation was observed. Ocular exposures were found to be only mildly irritating to the eyes. Trioleins have not been found to be genotoxic in several in vivo and in vitro test systemso1.2.
Conclusions
The presence of Azelaic Acid and Trioleins naturally present in PeroxiBiokey® ozonated oil and their positive effects on healing, regeneration, antisepsis and antioxidation of epithelia indicate that their use in skin pathologies such as acne, melasma, hidradenitis, rosacea or keratosis, among others, may be appropriate, as their positive effects on the recovery of these ailments have been reported in the literature, as well as the absence of notable contraindications.
Juan Fernández
Biologist and CEO of KeyBiological
Member of the Spanish Society of Ozone Therapy -SEOT
https://www.linkedin.com/in/juanfernandezkeybiological/
Keywords: Acne vulgaris; azelaic acid; hidradenitis suppurativa; queratosis pilaris; melasma; papulopustular; rosácea.
Bibliographical references:
1. Trioleins
1.1 “What is Triolein?”, February 18 2020, Chemical Book.
1.2 “Triolein”, Chemical Book.
1.3 Alfred Thomas (2002). “Fats and Fatty Oils”. Ullmann’s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Ullmann’s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a10_173. ISBN 3527306730.
1.4 Lerner, Barron H (2009). “Complicated lessons: Lorenzo Odone and medical miracles”. The Lancet. 373 (9667): 888–889. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60534-1. ISSN 0140-6736.
2. Azelaic acid
2.1 Searle T, Ali FR, Al-Niaimi F. The versatility of azelaic acid in dermatology. J Dermatolog Treat. 2020 Aug 4:1-11. doi: 10.1080/09546634.2020.1800579. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 32730109.
2.2 Fitton A, Goa KL. Azelaic acid. A review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic efficacy in acne and hyperpigmentary skin disorders. Drugs. 1991 May;41(5):780-98. doi: 10.2165/00003495-199141050-00007. PMID: 1712709.
2.3 Hashim PW, Chen T, Harper JC, Kircik LH. The Efficacy and Safety of Azelaic Acid 15% Foam in the Treatment of Facial Acne Vulgaris. J Drugs Dermatol. 2018 Jun 1;17(6):641-645. PMID: 29879251.
2.4 Wirth PJ, Henderson Berg MH, Sadick N. Real-World Efficacy of Azelaic Acid 15% Gel for the Reduction of Inflammatory Lesions of Rosacea. Skin Therapy Lett. 2017 Nov;22(6):5-7. PMID: 29091380.
2.5 Fitton, A., Goa, K.L. Drugs 1991, 41, 780–798
2.6 A.H. Lichtenstein, in Encyclopedia of Human Nutrition (Third Edition), 2013